Morphometric analysis and anatomical correlation of the hyoid bone and pharyngeal airway space in different skeletal patterns -a digital lateral cephalometric study

Abstract

Purpose: The hyoid bone's relationship with head and neck skeletal and soft components supports the craniofacial complex. Hyoid bone and muscles support the pharyngeal airway. Airway space analysis determines skeletal pattern and craniofacial complications, so a patent airway is essential.

Methodology: This in-vitro retrospective observational study included 180 samples—60 in each of Class I, II, and III skeletal groups on digital lateral cephalogram ANB angle with equal male and female representation. The data was calculated using 5% α error and 80% study power. Pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone in different skeletal patterns were quantified by Planmeca Romexis Viewer 2.9.2R software. SPSS 25 analysed the data (IBM Inc. Chicago). P-values < 0.05 were significant.

Result: The pharyngeal airway is wider in the Class III group than in Class II. The mandible protruded in skeletal Class III, making the hyoid bone inferior and anterior. In Class II, it was postero-superior.

Conclusion: Mandibles affect pharyngeal airway space, narrowing it and increasing sleep breathing disorders. Orthodontic and dentofacial management should include this to prevent obstructive sleep apnea and maintain global norm values.